Ngokunwetshwa okuqhubekayo kokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yaseShayina, isidingo semishini yokwakha siqhubekile nokukhula kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.I-China isiphenduke imakethe eyodwa enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yemishini yokwakha kanye nemishini, futhi ukuthengiswa nobunikazi bemishini kuqala emhlabeni.Ngokwezibalo ze-China Construction Machinery Industry Association, ekupheleni kuka-2017, inani lemikhiqizo eyinhloko yemishini yokwakha e-China lalilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-6.9 kuya kwezingu-7.47 zamayunithi, okusakhula.Ijika lokuthuthukisa liboniswa kuMfanekiso 1 (kubalwa inani le-median)
Umfanekiso 1: Imishini yokwakha yaseShayina kanye nempahla yokusebenza (amayunithi ayi-10000)
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imakethe yokuthengisa imishini ibinamandla kakhulu, okuholele ekutheni abakhiqizi bemishini nama-ejenti ngokuvamile agxile ekuthengisweni nasekuncipheni ezinsizeni, futhi banomuzwa wokuthi kunzima ukwenza imali ngezinkonzo zokunakekela.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abakhiqizi bomkhiqizo bavumela kuphela ama-ejenti ukuthi asebenze ezingxenyeni zangempela, futhi abavunyelwe ukwenza ibhizinisi lezingxenye ze-sub-factory, okuletha namathuba amahle kakhulu okuthuthukiswa ezitolo zezingxenye.Ama-ejenti anikeza amakhasimende ukukhetha kwezingxenye zangempela kuphela, okusho ukuthi awanakho ukukhetha.Ukwehla kwemakethe kwenza abasebenzisi bangabekezeleleki ezingxenyeni zangempela ezinenani eliphezulu.Abasebenzisi abaningi ngokwengeziwe baqala ukusebenzisa izingxenye zefekthri engaphansi, futhi abasebenzisi abangaphezu kuka-80% Ukuthenga izisekeli ngemva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwewaranti, "Made in China" yenza izingxenye zasekhaya ezisekela izimboni ziqhume njengamakhowe ngemva kwemvula, ikhwalithi iyanda. futhi okunokwethenjelwa kakhulu, futhi izindleko ziyancipha futhi ziphansi, okubuye kunikeze ithuba elikhulu lokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye zezitolo.Kungashiwo ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ezingaphansi kanye nesitolo sezesekeli esisize amakhasimende amaningi ngesikhathi esinzima somkhakha.
Ukubamba imishini emikhulu kulethe amakhulu ezigidigidi zezingxenye kanye nezinsizakalo emakethe yangemuva.Abakhiqizi nama-ejenti bakubonile ukubaluleka kwe-aftermarket.Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-inthanethi kuphinde kwaletha amathuba amasha emakethe yakamuva.Amapulatifomu e-inthanethi nawo avela ngokulandelana, futhi ukuncintisana ku-aftermarket kuzoba okukhulu, konke okuzoletha izinselele ezintsha ekuthuthukisweni kwezitolo zezinsiza.Liyini ikusasa lezesekeli ezitolo?Abanikazi abaningi bezitolo zezesekeli banokungabaza ngalokhu.Umbhali uzama ukukhuluma ngemibono yakhe ngezici ezintathu.
1. Izitolo zezingxenye kumele zithuthuke zibheke komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu
Noma nini lapho othile ekhuluma ngesitolo sezinto, othile usihlobanisa "nesitolo sikamama ne-pop" kanye "nezingxenye zomgunyathi".Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izitolo eziningi zezesekeli ziye zathuthukiswa ngendlela yezitolo zomama ne-pop, futhi ikhwalithi yezingxenye eziqale ukusebenza yayingathembekile, kodwa lokho kakade kwakuyikhalenda elidala.
Umfanekiso 2: Izinguquko emikhiqizweni yesitolo sezesekeli
Izitolo zezingxenye zanamuhla zisebenzisa imikhiqizo yezingxenye zasekhaya nezangaphandle (Umfanekiso 2).Izinga nentengo yemikhiqizo ingahlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende emazingeni ahlukene.Izingxenye eziningi ziqhathaniswa nezingxenye zokuqala, kodwa amanani ancintisana kakhulu..Izitolo zezingxenye nama-ejenti anamamodeli ahlukene.Abasabalalisi banezinhlobonhlobo zezesekeli, futhi kunezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezingxenye.Kodwa-ke, izitolo zezingxenye zisebenza kuphela izinhlobo ezimbalwa zemikhiqizo ngokwezinzuzo zazo, futhi kunenqwaba yezinhlobo zezingxenye.Izinzuzo zomkhiqizo, izinzuzo zeqoqo, Imikhiqizo eminingi kanye nokuguquguquka kwentengo kuvumela izitolo zezesekeli ukuthi zihlangabezane kangcono nezidingo zamakhasimende, futhi izinga lesitoko lezingxenye liphezulu;ngesikhathi esifanayo, izitolo eziningi zezesekeli zitholakala emgwaqweni wezinsiza noma edolobheni le-electromechanical.Kulula ukunikeza amakhasimende isevisi yokuma okukodwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zabasebenzisi bezingxenye.
Esikhathini esizayo, izinhlangano ze-accessories ne-accessories izinhlangano kumele zikhuthaze ngamandla ama-brand azo, ukuze izitolo zezesekeli zikwazi ukudweba ngokuphelele umugqa ocacile ngezingxenye ezikhohlisayo nezingenalutho, ukuze uzuze ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende amaningi futhi uzuze isabelo esikhulu semakethe.Inhlangano yezesekeli kufanele futhi ikhuthaze ukuphatha ngokwethembeka futhi iqede imakethe yezingxenye zomgunyathi, okuzocekela phansi isithunzi sesitolo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo.I-Guangzhou iyisikhungo sokusabalalisa imakethe yezingxenye zemishini yokwakha yaseChina."I-Guangzhou iyizinsiza zezwe, kanti izesekeli zaseGuangzhou yiPearl Village."Njalo ngonyaka, amashumi ezigidigidi zezesekeli zithengiswa zisuka e-Guangzhou ziye kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe, futhi zithunyelwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba.Imakethe yezingxenye eziyisipele zaseGuangzhou isiphenduke ikhadi lebhizinisi lemakethe yezingxenye ezisele zemishini yokwakha yaseChina.Umthelela walo mkhiqizo uncike kwikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezingxenye, okufanele ufunde ezitolo eziyisipele kwezinye izifundazwe.
2. Izitolo zezingxenye zidinga ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuphatha
Umbhali wafunda futhi waqhathanisa idatha yemishini yokwakha engu-50 ephezulu emhlabeni, futhi wathola imiphumela ethakazelisayo: kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2016, iChina yayiphezulu kwama-50, futhi izinkomba zesikali ezifana nenani lezinkampani ezisohlwini, ziphelele. izimpahla, isamba sabasebenzi kanye nokudayiswa kwe-Shangjun kukleliswe kwabathathu abaphezulu, kodwa ikleliswe kwabathathu abaphansi ngokwezinkomba zempumelelo njengokudayiswa komuntu ngamunye, umkhawulo wenzuzo kanye nembuyiselo ezimpahleni!Lokhu kucishe kufane nesimo sezinkampani zaseShayina ku-Fortune 500 ngo-2018: Izinkampani zaseShayina ezingu-120 zingene ohlwini lwama-500 aphezulu emhlabeni, ziklelisa phezulu ngenani nesikali sezinkampani ezisohlwini, kodwa ezansi ohlwini ngokwemibandela. yenzuzo, imbuyiselo ekuthengisweni kanye nembuyiselo kumasheya ehla unyaka nonyaka.Ukuncintisana kwebhizinisi kubonakala kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle komsebenzi.Ngemuva kokuthi ibhizinisi selidlulile isikhathi sokuthuthuka okusheshayo, uma linganaki futhi lithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwalo, kunzima ukuqhubekela phambili ngokuthembela kuphela ekuthuthukisweni okubanzi, ingasaphathwa esitolo esineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala., Izitolo zezingxenye zemishini yokwakha njengamanje zibhekene nezinselelo ezinjalo.
Ngaphambilini, isitolo sezingxenye saphambukisa ibhizinisi lezingxenye zama-ejenti amaningi, kusiza abasebenzisi ukwehlisa izindleko zokulungisa.Emqhudelwaneni nama-ejenti, isitolo sezingxenye sibonise izinzuzo zokusebenza kwezindleko nokuvumelana nezimo.Nokho, nakuba izingxenye zezitolo eziningi zenza kahle, abaphathi bazo bahlehle kakhulu.Ukugcinwa kwamabhuku kanye nokugcinwa okungahleliwe kwezimpahla ngeke kube nomthelela omkhulu lapho isikali sisincane..Uma idatha yokusungula idingeka, kungenzeka ukuthi ayitholakali, futhi noma ngabe idatha itholakele, ukunemba akulungile.Ayikho idatha ye-inventory ye-electronic, futhi uhlu ngalunye ludinga ukuvalwa izinsuku ezimbalwa.Kufanele wazi ukuthi inkampani enkulu njenge-Walmart ayikaze ivalwe ukuze ifakwe!Izinga lokuphatha liyisihluthulelo.Ngezinhlelo ezifana ne-SAP, ama-akhawunti kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo zingagcinwa zifana ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Izitolo eziningi zezingxenye zisasebenzisa ukuphathwa kwemibhalo yephepha, azinalo uhlelo lwama-invoyisi kanye nedatha ye-elekthronikhi, futhi ngokusekelwe kudatha ye-elekthronikhi kuphela lapho singathola khona ukuqonda ngezidingo zamakhasimende, izidingo zamakhasimende ezimayini zingasisiza ukumaketha ngokunembile, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwedatha enkulu nakho Kungasiza. isitolo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo sihlela ini, nini, futhi malini.Isibonelo, uma izingxenye zenzuzo ze-ejenti noma isitolo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo zenza kuphela u-25% wesamba sempahla, ukusetshenziswa kwedatha enkulu kungehlisa inani le-inventory cishe ngo-70%.Ukuphathwa kwe-inventory yesayensi kuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezimali kanye nembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali.Linganisa.Ngakho-ke, isitolo sezingxenye sidinga ukuguqulwa kwedijithali nokuthuthukiswa kokuphatha, futhi isinyathelo sokuqala soguquko yi-EDI (I-Electronic Data Interchange), ukuze umphathi akwazi ukuhlala enolwazi ngokusebenza kwesitolo sezingxenye, ama-akhawunti atholwayo, inzuzo yokusungula kanye nokugeleza kwemali..Akukho kulokhu obekungenzeka ngaphandle kwedatha ye-elekthronikhi.
Njengamanje, nakuba izitolo eziningi zisayenza imali, inzuzo yazo iyehla.Abaphathi abaningi abakuqondi ukuphathwa kwe-spare parts, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwenani lempahla, ukwehla kwezinga lenzuzo, kanye nokwehla kwenzuzo.Imali eningi etholwe yisitolo sezingxenye eziyisipele isiphenduke inqolobane yafakwa endaweni yokugcina izimpahla.Uma isikhathi sokusebenza siside, sikhulu i-inventory evilaphayo.Ukuguguleka kwenzuzo yesitolo sezesekeli unyaka nonyaka.Isigaba sokuthuthukiswa okubanzi kwemboni sesifike ekugcineni.Ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngokwemodeli yasekuqaleni kungase kungenzi mali.Ngokuzayo, ukuphathwa okucolisisiwe kuyadingeka ukuze uthole imbuyiselo ephezulu ngemali encane.
Njengomnikazi wesitolo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo, kufanele ubeke iso ku-inventory yakho ngoba imali yakho ikhona!Ngakho-ke zama ukuphendula imibuzo elandelayo: Liphakeme kangakanani inani lempahla esitolo sakho?Iyini i-ROI yezesekeli?Liphakeme kangakanani izinga lokushintshwa kwempahla yezingxenye ezisele?Iyiphi ohlwini lwakho lwempahla oluhle futhi yikuphi okubi?Yimalini i-inventory yakho evilaphayo?Zingaki izinhlobo zezingxenye ezisheshayo, ezimaphakathi nezihamba kancane ezisendaweni yokugcina impahla?Yimaphi amasu akho ahlukene okusungula izinhlobo ezahlukene zezingxenye?Uyazi ukuthi kubiza kangakanani ukuthwala izinto eziyisipele?Uma ungakwazi ukuphendula le mibuzo ngokunembile, uluphatha kanjani uhlu lwakho lwamagama?
3. Izitolo zezinsiza kudingeka zamukele i-inthanethi ukuze zithole amakhasimende amaningi
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-inthanethi, i-inthanethi Yezinto kanye nedatha enkulu, imodeli ye-inthanethi inenzuzo ephezulu yokusebenza kahle kanye nezindleko zokuxhumanisa amakhasimende.Kulokhu, izitolo zezesekeli nazo zidinga ukuguqula i-Intanethi.Noma ngabe ukhathazekile ukuthi i-Intanethi ingase yebe amakhasimende akho futhi yehlise inzuzo yezesekeli, awukwazi ukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamapulatifomu e-inthanethi.Akunakuphikwa ukuthi amamodeli amaningi okutholwa kwamakhasimende kanye nokumaketha e-inthanethi nawo angafundwa futhi asetshenziswe izitolo zezinsiza, okuzosisiza ukuthi sizuze amakhasimende amaningi.Kufanele sibone ukuthi isidingo sezingxenye namasevisi sidinga ukufika ngesikhathi.Akekho umkhiqizi noma inkundla ye-inthanethi engakha ngokuzimela inethiwekhi enjalo yokugcina impahla, yezokuthutha kanye nokusabalalisa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamakhasimende.Isixazululo kuphela ukuhlanganisa, amakhasimende, Ochwepheshe (abapakisha), izitolo zokulungisa, izingxenye zezitolo, ama-ejenti kanye nabahlinzeki bezingxenye bakha isiteji sokwabelana ngemishini yokwakha.Amakhasimende angathola izingxenye zawo ezidingeka ngokuphuthumayo ngomakhalekhukhwini noma kuphi, futhi isitolo sezingxenye esiseduze kakhulu sizoba umphakeli wawo.I-inthanethi ayikona ukusungula i-monopoly, kodwa ukunikeza inani, ukuyenza ilungele abasebenzisi, futhi ivumele izitolo zezinsiza ukuthi zikhulise ibhizinisi labo futhi zithole amakhasimende amaningi.Lona "imodeli ye-inthanethi" yebhizinisi lesitolo sezesekeli esizayo.
Uhlu olukhulu lwemishini yokwakha yaseChina imayini yegolide emakethe yangemuva.Amandla ezingxenye ezisemakethe yangemuva yabavubukuli kuphela adlula izigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100.Izinkulungwane zama-ejenti nezitolo zezingxenye zingahlinzeka amakhasimende ngezingxenye ezisheshayo, futhi izingxenye zezitolo ziseduze nemakethe., eduze nomsebenzisi, ikusasa lisathembisa.Kodwa-ke, izinga lokutholwa kwempahla yezitolo eziningi liyizikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 kuphela ngonyaka, kanti isilinganiso se-inventory evilaphayo siphezulu sifinyelela ku-30% kuya ku-50%.Ngamanye amazwi, amashumi ezigidigidi zezimpahla ezivilaphayo zinqwabelana ezinqolobaneni zabathengisi nezitolo zezingxenye, okuthinta kabi ukuhamba kwabo kwemali kanye nenzuzo futhi kwandise ubungozi bokusungula.I-inthanethi ingasiza ama-ejenti nezitolo zezingxenye ukuthi zithuthukise inzuzo yohlu futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-08-2023